ブックタイトル要約版（英）

概要

要約版（英）

Part II: Application of the existing international norms and standardsIn the response to the Great East Japan Earthquake, existing international standards such as‘Human Rights Based Approach’andThe Sphere Project ? the Humanitarian Charter and the Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response’, as well as specialisedknowledge and capacity of private companies, NGOs/NPOs and individual volunteers were not fully utilised. It is thereforerecommended that based on the existing international standards, minimum standards applicable to disaster response areestablished and applied in Japan. In view of current international practices, closer involvement of actors other than theGovernment and designated public institutions is also recommended.2-1. Establishment and application of national minimum standards for future disaster response in JapanWith a view to improve Japan’s disaster management system, and to ensure fully responding to future large scale naturaldisasters in Japan, it is recommended that an expert group, which is tasked to review the existing Japanese disastermanagement system from an international and institutional point of view, is established. More specifically, such an expertgroup should discuss and implement action items indicated below.? Develop national minimum standards that are based on the existing international norms and standards as well as examplesfrom overseas, and that do not contradict with Japan’s local characteristics and socio‐cultural background. Such minimumstandards should include methodologies of needs assessments as well as types and qualities of assistance to be provided;? Ensure that institutional aid providers fully recognise their obligations to abide by humanitarian principles including humanity,neutrality, impartiality and operational independence and etc;? By fully recognising that assistance needs during disasters differ depending on variables of the affected populations, such asgender, age, disability, nationality, mother tongues, family composition and livelihoods, and reflect such variations whendeveloping the national minimum standards appropriately;? Put in place administrative measures that ensure full participation of the affected populations in consultations where they candemand the assistance they need, and thereby transform the current disaster relief system into the one which is more closelyaligned with the human rights based approaches;? Explore concrete measures to realise the principles outlined in the‘Guidelines for disaster planning, response andreconstruction from a gender‐equal perspective’issued by the Government of Japan in May 2013; and? Promote awareness‐raising among the disaster response actors in Japan on the recent developments and debates on theinternational standards in disaster relief.2-2 .Role of NGOs/NPOs, the civil society and actors other than designated public institutions? Recognising the role of NGOs/NPOs and the civil society more institutionally, guidelines for local authorities should bedeveloped, by which these diverse actors can promote the national minimum standards, and help integrate them into localdisaster management plans.? NGOs/NPOs and the civil society should recognise their leading roles in promoting responses to meet the diverse needs ofthe affected populations and in enhancing human rights based approaches. NGOs and the civil society should also strengthentheir engagement in the policy processes in this particular domain.? Coordination mechanisms need to be built in the pre‐disaster phase, so that NGOs and NPOs can implement theirassistance programmes in a coordinated and collaborative manner. For this purpose, frameworks of coordination need to bedesigned; a secretariat facilitating the coordination work needs to be supported; human resources of those who are involved inthe coordination work needs to be developed, and roles of NGOs/NPOs need to be articulated in local disaster managementplans.