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概要：
Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 1, 2012of being discarded.Among the documents that escaped being disposed of at that time, 296 files, which are extremely importantto the JRCS, are held by its Hea....

Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 1, 2012of being discarded.Among the documents that escaped being disposed of at that time, 296 files, which are extremely importantto the JRCS, are held by its Headquarters and available for reference at its Information Plaza . All otherdocuments were donated to Museum Meijimura, which is located in Aichi Prefecture and preserves andexhibits buildings of the Meiji Ira, in 1974. They would otherwise have been all discarded. Later, Meijimuracontinued to hold and preserve these documents, and in January 2005, all these historical materials weretransferred to Japanese Red Cross Toyota College of Nursing and are currently stored at the Red CrossArchives Room in the College’s library. The room houses 745 files of wartime relief documents and 1,151files of general documents for a total of 1,896 files.2. Documents on Wartime Relief(1) Southwestern RebellionA rebellion occurred in 1877, as samurai of Kyushu who were not satisfied with the modernization ofJapan fought with the newly established Imperial Government. Documents on relief operations during theSouthwestern Rebellion are important as they are related to the foundation of the Philanthropic Society andare held by the JRCS Headquarters.(2) Sino-Japanese WarA war broke out between Japan and China of the Qing Dynasty in 1894, which resulted in the victoryof Japan in 1895. The JRCS offered its assistance to the wounded and sick, both at home and overseas.Particular emphasis should be placed on the dispatch of female nurses to military hospitals at home whotook care of male soldiers, which was unthinkable at that time.There are 120 files of documents on relief operations during the Sino-Japanese War. They consist mainlyof communications between the JRCS and the Government, as well as between the JRCS Headquarters andchapters concerning the dispatch of relief teams, relief-related documents and journals, documents on theconferment of rewards for services rendered, and those related to military medals and donations.(3) Boxer RebellionAs the Boxer Rebellion took place in 1900, the JRCS sent newly built hospital ships“Hakuai-maru”and“Kosai-maru”to China in order to bring the wounded and sick, including Westerners, to Japan. There are50 files of documents on relief operations during the Boxer Rebellion. They comprise documents on reliefteams, the hospital ships, and the promotion and demotion of relief staff members and the conferment ofrewards for services rendered by them.(4) Russo-Japanese WarThe Russo-Japanese War started in 1904 and with almostcomplete defeat of the Baltic Fleet by the Japanese at the Battleof Tsushima, a peace treaty was signed at Portsmouth, USA, in1905, bringing the war to the end. JRCS relief team, incorporatedinto military medical service, took care of the wounded and sick.The JRCS treatment of wounded and sick Russian prisoners ofwar was, in particular, highly reputed at that time.A document describing the treatmentof Russian prisoners of warA total of 524 files remain with respect to relief operations duringthe Russo-Japanese War. The huge volume of files include documents related to communications withthe Government, disciplinary punishments, and visits by foreign volunteer nurses; those related to theconferment of rewards for services rendered; reports by hospital ships, patient transport columns, and relief150人道研究ジャーナルVol. 1, 2012