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Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 1, 2012teams; monthly patient reports; reports on bonuses given in recognition of services; and curricula vitae forthe members of relief teams.(5) First World WarJ....

Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 1, 2012teams; monthly patient reports; reports on bonuses given in recognition of services; and curricula vitae forthe members of relief teams.(5) First World WarJapan fought with Germany at Qindao, then a German colony, in 1914. The fighting ended shortly, whichresulted in the defeat of the Germans. It was the first time for the JRCS to send female nurses to Qindao,outside Japan, to take care of wounded and sick Japanese and Germans. It was also important that JapaneseRed Cross relief teams, comprising mainly of female nurses, were sent to England, France and Russia toassist wounded and sick soldiers of the respective countries. Fifty-one files exist of relief operations duringWorld War I. They are made up of reports on hospital ships, Navy hospitals, Qingdao relief teams, andthose dispatched to England, France, and Russia.(6) Siberia InterventionWith the Russian Revolution of 1918, Western States and Japan sent troops to Siberia. The JRCS sent reliefteams to Siberia as well as Northern Sakhalin from 1918 to 1925. During the relief operation, hospitaltrains were made use of. The dispatch of female nurses during the First World War was small in number,while during the Siberia Intervention the number of female nurses sent to Siberia greatly increased. Unlikethe previous wars and incidents, documents on relief operations during the Siberia Intervention are not puttogether in the form of wartime relief documents, but the general documents include some of them. Thereare also some documents concerning Polish orphan relief operations relative to the Siberia Intervention.Hiroshima Red Cross Hospitalwithstanding the destruction of anatomic bomb(7) Manchurian Incident to Second World WarJapan fought a series of war from 1932, starting from theManchurian Incident, and ending in its disastrous defeat of theSecond World War in 1945. The JRCS assisted the wounded andsick during this period on a massive scale. The number of reliefstaff, mostly nurses, counted more than 30 thousand, amongwhom almost 1,100 died during or after relief operations.The number of documents of this period which the ToyotaCollege of Nursing keeps in its Archives is small. In fact, thereis no report on the JRCS wartime relief operations during theseevents at the College. This is because the JRCS’documents onrelief operations during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II were separated from its other documentsand kept at the JRCS Headquarters, as reports of 955 relief teams engaged in relief activities have beenused as the JRCS Headquarters operation materials and have not been opened to the public until recently.3. Documents on Relief Activities at Natural DisastersJapan is prone to natural disasters, and since the foundation of the JRCS, it has been continuously engagedin activities for victims of natural disasters. The first time the JRCS undertook a relief operation for suchvictims was when the JRCS sent three doctors for victims of the eruption of Mt. Bandai of northern part ofJapan in 1888. Though small on scale, the JRCS Headquarters has the documents on the activity, since itwas the first time for the JRCS to send a relief team for a relief operation in a natural disaster, and thereforeit was important. The Ertugrul, a Turkish frigate paying a courtesy visit to Japan, sank off the coast ofJapan in 1890, and most of the crew died. The JRCS sent a relief team consisting of doctors and nurses toassist the survivors. It was the first time for the JRCS to treat the survivors of the shipwrecked, and it wasalso the first time to assist those wounded and sick of foreign nationality. There is a file of documents onthe relief activities of the Ertugrul at Toyota.人道研究ジャーナルVol. 1, 2012151