「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2 page 29/276

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「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 2, 2013文民の保護、人道アクセス及び人道支援要員の安全確保に関する諸課題と国連を中心とした国際人道コミュニティによる取り組みProtection of Civilians, Humanitarian Access, and Safety and Security of Humanitarian Aid Workers andEfforts by the International Humanitarian Community around the United Nations Addressing these Challenges渡部1正樹AbstractThis article aims at providing an overview of the international humanitarian community’s collective effortsin addressing challenges related to the protection of civilians during armed conflicts, including issues aroundnegotiation of humanitarian access and the safety and security of relief workers under highly complex operationalenvironment. In examining these questions, this article highlights particular roles played by the United NationsOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).Following the definition of the protection of civilians by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the firstsection examines the types and characteristics of protection activities undertaken by various protection mandatedhumanitarian agencies, with an emphasis on the need to establish a coherent protection strategy at the countrylevel. Additionally, OCHA’s involvement in the normative discussions at the global level, particularly at theUnited Nations Security Council, is discussed, underlining that interactions between the field level efforts and thepolicy debate at the Headquarters are key to realize the protection of civilians.The second and third sections are devoted to analyse two vital and mutually reinforcing components of theprotection of civilians debate; i.e., improving and negotiating humanitarian access and ensuring the safetyprotection of humanitarian aid workers. While securing unimpeded humanitarian access is essential to successfuldelivery of humanitarian aid, constraints include bureaucratic restrictions, physical conditions, deliberateinterferences, on-going military operations, as well as attacks on aid workers and facilities. At the same time,recent increase in the security incidents involving humanitarian workers is a major concern. This article introducesaid organisations’good practices in minimizing risks and exposures while adjusting their programmes to the localsecurity environment, drawn from OCHA’s study titled‘To Stay and Deliver.’In conclusion, the present article argues that the issues related to humanitarian access and the safety and securityof relief workers need to be addressed as an integral part of strategic discussions around the protection of civilians,yet such an approach has not been articulated in the current Japanese humanitarian aid policy.* This article represents author’s own views and does not necessarily represent official views of the United Nationsor the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).キーワード：紛争、文民の保護、人道支援、人道アクセス、国際連合、国際協力Keywords: Conflict, Protection of Civilians, Humanitarian Assistance, Humanitarian Access, United Nations,International Cooperation1国連人道問題調整事務所（OCHA）神戸事務所長人道研究ジャーナルVol. 2, 201327