「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2 page 4/276

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「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 2, 2013Special FeatureResilience: A New Fashion, or a New Solution?Walter Cotte 1Why ResilienceThe word resilience is increasingly used in the past couple of years by the humanitarian and developmentcommunity, amongst politicians and even businesses. Whilst there is no commonly accepted definition ? andthe word translates often with slightly different meanings into different languages ? the emerging commonunderstanding is that resilience is an ultimate state of development, perhaps the most important aspect of humanevolution: a state when inevitable shocks in people’s lives are met with resistance, and are successfully overcome.Red Cross & Red Crescent family, one can argue, from its creation more than 150 years ago was tirelessly workingto address human vulnerabilities, and by doing so ? to strengthen human resilience. The scale and scope would varyenormously: from small-scale community disaster preparedness work in the Pacific islands Red Cross Societiesto maintaining the world-class medical services through its 92 hospitals by the Japanese Red Cross. In fact, everyof 188 Red Cross / Red Crescent National Societies in its own national context implement daily activities whichbenefit building resilience of individuals and communities in their countries. It was Red Cross / Red Crescent thathas brought on the top of the world humanitarian agenda the notion“Prevention better than cure”in the 80s. Sofor many colleagues in our Movement the question is ? what is the value of bringing the notion of resilience: is itnot something we were building on and actually doing already for a very long time?In this article we argue that while programmatically not necessarily new as an approach, introduction of theconcept of resilience allows for a better integration of otherwise not always well connected activities in varioussectors of our work. And this integrated approach in turn allows for a better targeting of components of resilience,which require particular attention in a particular context ? always very different from country to country, but alsowithin one country between different social groups.What is ResilienceThe sector-wide concept of resilience is rooted in material sciences and ecology but has been applied in varioussocial disciplines and psychology too. It typically relates to the ability of systems to respond and adapt effectivelyto changing circumstances. In concrete terms, it is the ability of critical physical infrastructure to absorb shocks.From a more psychological point of view, it is the process of adaptation and a set of skills, capacities, behaviorsand actions in order to deal with adversity. Resilience is the capacity to own your destiny and to understandyour rights and duties in an active mode.Below each aspect of the definition is further described:? The word ability is key in understanding resilience. Ability is capacity or capability based on different human,1Under Secretary General, Programme Services Division, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.2人道研究ジャーナルVol. 2, 2013