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「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 2, 2013II Wartime Red Cross Relief and Exposure to the Hiroshima Atomic Bombing1. The History of Relief Party Deployment to HiroshimaThe relation between the Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) and Hiroshima City was developed in the late19 th century. Japanese Red Cross nurses started their relief activities at the Hiroshima Reserve Army Hospitalduring the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). Historically, the city of Hiroshima had been acting as a militarytown since early modern time, and the city, including the area of Hiroshima Castle, gradually developed militaryfacilities. After the start of the First Sino-Japanese War, the city became an army supply base that included UjinaPort, which mustered and deployed troops.As previously wrote in this paper, the JRCS started to relief activities with its nurses at the Hiroshima ArmyReserve Hospital immediately after the outbreak of hostilities. Their wartime relief activities were highly deservedas first female relief nurses in the history of the JRCS. During the Boxer Rebellion (1900), a medical ship carriedback injured Japanese causalities from Mainland China to Ujina Port; as a result, their relief activities at theHiroshima Army Reserve Hospital were started again. Furthermore, during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905),the JRCS dispatched 18 parties, including 3 parties, which had male nurses only, to the Hiroshima Army ReserveHospital. A number of deployments to Hiroshima became the most in Japan. More than 50,000 patients weretreated in a two year deployment. Doctor McGee (9) and nine nurses from the USA joined the relief activities carriedout by the JRCS nurses at the hospital. It became a great opportunity to develop friendship between American andJapanese nurses.Thirty-three years later, the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) occurred on 7 July 1937. Between the SecondSino-Japanese War and the Pacific War (1941-1945), the wartime relief activities increased and developed rapidly.After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, on 22 September 1937, the Minister of War ordered the JRCSto send Relief Party No. 4 to the Hiroshima Army Hospital followed by the parties listed below until the last stageof the Pacific War.In addition to this, the Hiroshima Army Hospital was divided into the First and the Second Branch Hospital inMay 1945. In order to prepare for air-raids, a number of military patients were evacuated to other hospitals and anumber of relief parties attended them. Therefore, not all of parties, which have been mentioned as above, were inHiroshima City on the day of the Atomic Bombing.Parties DispatchedHyogo Chapter Relief Party No. 106, Hiroshima Chapter Relief Party No. 112,Okayama Chapter Relief Party No. 132 & Yamaguchi Chapter Relief Party No. 133Nagasaki Chapter Relief Party No. 107, Yamaguchi Chapter Relief Party No. 158 &Headquarters Special Relief Party No. 8Hiroshima Chapter Relief Party No. 714, Yamaguchi Chapter Relief Party No. 715,Tokushima Chapter Relief Party No. 716 & Ehime Chapter Relief Party No. 717Yamaguchi Chapter Relief Party No. 862 & Okayama Chapter Relief Party No. 863Hiroshima Chapter Relief Party No. 71 & Headquarters Relief Party No. 303(Yamaguchi & Saga Chapters)Month and YearSeptember, 1937December, 1937October, 1944July, 1945Forwarded from otherattached places68人道研究ジャーナルVol. 2, 2013