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「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 2, 2013beings should not forget the fact that many A-bomb survivors were deeply hurt and traumatised by the atomicbombings and they must have lived in great anguish in their whole lives.IV Relief Activities for Atomic Bomb Victims and Humanitarian SpiritThe 6 th of August in 1945 became unforgettable day for all people in the city of Hiroshima. After air-raid alertswere called off in the early morning, nurses just began their daily work at each division, and then suddenlythey were exposed to the bright flash and the strong atomic blast. In the space of a second, Hiroshima City wasdestroyed completely and left the mounds of dead bodies and the wounded.However, there were nurses, who immediately started to carry out their relief activities even though they werein dreadful shock and had received injuries themselves. A writer of a paragraph titled‘The Hiroshima Red CrossHospital’in‘The Atomic Bomb Buildings in Hiroshima: The Forty-five Years Memorial Report on the AtomicBombing’(20) describes a situation of the immediate relief activities carried out by nurses, doctors and staff of theHiroshima Red Cross Hospital as follows:It was such a remarkable thing that as we previously saw a typical example of the immediate relief activities carried out bychief nurse Ms Taniguchi, all nurses who were fortunately not injured much started their relief activities immediately afterthe great shock of the initial phase of the atomic bombing.The writer explores factors behind their immediate reactions as follows. Firstly, they were inside of the hospitalbuilding that left an outer wall resulted in less injury in general. Secondly, they did not know about the causes ofradiation at that moment, which is an aspect of nuclear weapons which makes them hugely different from otherweapons. Finally, until the atomic bombing, Hiroshima had not had severe air raids; therefore, they could properlyprepare for emergencies and had had enough training. These factors meant that they were ready for the HiroshimaAtomic Bombing. The writer additionally says,However, it could be said that the greatest reason for their taking immediate action was that there were some motivationsor power which transcended causing panic with those nurses. In other words, they achieved a kind of a firm sense ofresponsibility as medical workers when they faced greatly anguished people. It perhaps allowed them to rise to and exceedtheir duties with some even showing a great sense of devotion or love as human beings.This statement reveals the humanity of the Red Cross, which is the practice of helping people in need and reducingtheir pain; creating humanitarian actions. Fundamentally, these actions were cultivated by the Red Cross’nursingeducation. Red Cross nursing education in Japan was particularly based on spiritual education during the warguided by‘The Ten Fundamental Principles of Relief Workers’as follows:I. Be Humanitarian and Greatly CaringII. Work Dedicatedly and Be a Good Team WorkerIII. Be Patient and TolerantIV. Be Faithful and Control YourselfV. Be Modest and PrudentVI. Behave Properly and Observe Rules人道研究ジャーナルVol. 2, 201377