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「人道研究ジャーナル」Vol.2

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 2, 2013VII. Be Brave and Keep CalmVIII. Be Clever and Precise with Your Quick ReactionsIX. Be Simple and HonestX. Be Gentle and Look Smart with Your AppearanceNursing students had to memorise the ten fundamental principles and always practised them hard. The principlesof relief nurses applied not only to usual nursing care tasks but also it made them to ready for disaster and thewartime relief activities. It was obvious that the principles worked well in order to reach their achievements of therelief activities.In fact, a nurse of the JRCS Saitama Chapter, who used to work at the naval medical ship, said the following. Whenher ship had a torpedo attack by a submarine of an enemy in the coast of Hong Kong, patients looked up nurses allat once. When she saw it, she thought that she must protect these patients and then she suddenly remembered oneof the phrases‘Be Brave and Keep Calm’of‘The Ten Fundamental Principles of Relief Workers’. Furthermore,the precept saying‘Be Clever and Precise with Your Quick Reactions’motivated them to take prompt action,which represented perhaps the uniqueness of Red Cross Nurses.The bases of the ten fundamental principles were stated in an introduction to a textbook of‘The Nursing StudiesCourse’(1896) in the Meiji period, when nursing education had already been introduced in Japan. For example,a clause saying“Be Accurate and Quick in Reactions”became a basis of the eighth clause. Apart from this, it istrue to say that the basis of‘The Ten Fundamental Principles of Relief Nurses’had been already formulated in thelate 19 th century and it became the driving force of carrying out the relief activities in disasters and battlefields. Infact, it continued to instruct the actions of relief nurses from the late 19 th century right up to the Hiroshima AtomicBombing.Notes(1) Heinrich Baron von Siebold (21 July 1852 - 11 August 1908) was the second son of Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (17February, 1796 ? 18 October, 1866) who arrived in Nagasaki, Japan in 1823. Heinrich became a member of the Hakuaisha,which became the Japanese Red Cross Soceity in 1877.(2) Shoukei Shibata (21 June 1850 - 2 August 1910) was a Japanese chemist. During his official trip to Europe in 1883, hecarried out research on Red Cross activities under the request of the Hakuaisha.(3) The Japanese Red Cross Society. (1911). The Manuscript of the History of the Japanese Red Cross Society. Vol. 1. pp.159-pp.160.(4) The Japanese Red Cross Society. (eds.) (1911). Relief Nursing Students Education Reference. Tokyo: The Japanese RedCross Society Publishing. pp.93.(5) ibid., pp.360-pp.361.(6) ibid. pp.367-pp.368.(7) ibid, pp.374.(8) The Japanese Red Cross Society. (1969). The Manuscript of the History of the Japanese Red Cross Society. Vol. 5. pp.179.(9) Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee (4 November 1864 ? 5 October 1940) was an American pioneer astronomer and AssistantSurgeon in the United States Army and assigned to duty“In Charge of the Army Nurse Corps.”In the Russo-JapaneseWar (1904-05), she was the only person in America whose offer of personal assistance was accepted by the JapaneseGovernment and the Japanese Red Cross Society. As President of the society of the Red Cross of Philadelphia, she took aparty of trained nurses to Japan for a period of six months of work in the Army Hospitals. They were welcomed as guests ofthe Japanese nation and assigned to posts of honour as nurses in the most important hospitals of the army and on the finesthospital ships. She served in Hiroshima for months, and visited Russian POWs in Matsuyama for 2 days in April, 1904.(10) The Japanese Red Cross Society Ehime Chapter. (1989). A Hundred Years’History of the Japanese Red Cross Society78人道研究ジャーナルVol. 2, 2013