ブックタイトル人道ジャーナル第3号

ページ
6/288

このページは 人道ジャーナル第3号 の電子ブックに掲載されている6ページの概要です。
秒後に電子ブックの対象ページへ移動します。
「ブックを開く」ボタンをクリックすると今すぐブックを開きます。

ActiBookアプリアイコンActiBookアプリをダウンロード(無償)

  • Available on the Appstore
  • Available on the Google play
  • Available on the Windows Store

概要

人道ジャーナル第3号

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 3, 2014SPECIAL FEATURE22 August 1864: The adoption of the original Geneva Convention:History and today’s challengesFrancois Bugnion 1Member of the International Committee of the Red CrossConfronted with the horror of a field of battle and with the sight of thousands of wounded soldiers left withoutmedical assistance, Henry Dunant testified to the tremendous suffering he had witnessed in a book that made adeep impression on his contemporaries and on subsequent generations: A Memory of Solferino. He concludedwith two proposals:? the setting up of voluntary relief Societies in the various countries and? the adoption of a treaty protecting the medical personnel of the armed forces and medical facilities onthe field of battle.The book came off the press in November 1862; soon afterwards, a committee of five members was set up inGeneva to endeavour to implement Dunant’s proposals: the International Committee of the Red Cross.From 26 to 29 October 1863, this Committee organised a first conference in Geneva, which laid down the basesof the voluntary relief societies, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies which are at work today in 189countries.The following year, this Committee organised a diplomatic Conference which met in Geneva. On 22 August1864, this conference adopted the first Geneva Convention, the starting point of contemporary internationalhumanitarian law.The convention was based on two pillars:? The principle of neutrality of medical action: medical personnel and ambulances were to be consideredneutral and, as such, were to be respected and protected by the belligerents;? The principle of impartiality: wounded soldiers should be collected and cared for to whatever nationthey may belong.The 1864 Geneva Convention was revised in 1906, 1929 and 1949 to take into account the lessons of the various1Francois Bugnion was born in 1945. He holds a BA and a PhD in political sciences and is an independent consultant in the fields ofinternational humanitarian law and humanitarian action. He joined the ICRC in 1970 and served as a delegate in Israel and the occupiedterritories, Bangladesh, Turkey and Cyprus, and then as head of mission in Chad, Vietnam, Cambodia. From 2000 to 2006, he was directorfor International Law and Cooperation at the ICRC.He has published more than 50 books and articles, mainly on international humanitarianlaw and the history of the Red Cross, including The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Protection of War Victims. FrancoisBugion was elected to the Assembly in 20104人道研究ジャーナルVol. 3, 2014