ブックタイトル人道ジャーナル第3号

概要

人道ジャーナル第3号

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 3, 2014Following Hurricane Katrina, the American Red Cross formed a partnership with Microsoft to trace evacueesfrom the disaster affected area and to put families back in touch with each other. Global websites, such as Googleand Microsoft, have the technology to add significant value in bringing data together and providing ready accessto internet users. Whilst detailed registration of individuals will be required for many purposes, Red Cross can bebetter at making available websites and internet facilities for more immediate linking of family and friends.Japanese Red Cross agreed to explore new approaches with the major communications agencies. Cooperationneeds to extend to agreements on guidelines, minimum standards, roles and responsibilities and the authorisedsharing of information.Planning for Nuclear AccidentsThe nuclear accident caused when the tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant added a third and highlycomplex dimension to the GEJET operation. It is now well known that the authorities’preparedness measuresproved inadequate in a number of respects. The lack of information early after the disaster caused frustration forthose who rushed to provide support in the area and created anxiety among the local population. The widerpopulation was subject to rumour and misinformation which in turn generated panic buying and concernthroughout Japan, especially in Tokyo. Some of those evacuated from the 30 km radius around the plant suffereddiscriminatory behaviour and were stigmatised.Even though the Japanese Red Cross deployed experts in nuclear medicine, members of its medical teamsdeployed to the affected area withdrew, along with other aid workers, as concerns grew about the safety ofworking in the area. It took some days for permissible radiation levels to be set and for protective clothing, masks,goggles and dosimeters to be made available.Elements of nuclear disaster need to be built into Japanese Red Cross disaster response planning with cleardefinitions of the roles and responsibilities of the different parties. Japanese Red Cross has gone a step further anddecided to prioritise making the local population aware of the situation and disseminating information to relieveanxiety and prevent discrimination.Given the global threat of nuclear accidents and the fact that the effects can be felt in a number of neighbouringcounties, as experienced after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986, Japanese Red Cross took the lead inconvening an international Red Cross and Red Crescent forum for the better sharing of information andidentification of priority activities for Red Cross in preparing for and responding to nuclear accidents.Psychological SupportThe trauma associated with any disaster creates stress and intense anxiety, especially for those who suffer the lossof loved ones, their homes or their livelihoods and, in many cases, their whole communities. Japanese Red Crosshad a well-developed Psychological Support（PSS）programme arising from the needs identified following theGreat Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. By 2011, over 9,000 medical relief personnel had been trained in PSSand 700 of these people were deployed by being either integrated into the almost 900 medical teams sent to thefield or to work as specialised teams. These professional staff were complemented by over 3,000 specially trainedvolunteers.Challenges were experienced in the deployment of the PSS volunteers in the immediate post disaster period.人道研究ジャーナルVol. 3, 2014 73