ブックタイトル人道ジャーナル第3号

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人道ジャーナル第3号

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 3, 2014People with physical and cognitive disabilitiesFigures published by the government on the evacuation of people with physical and cognitive disabilities,although not age disaggregated, are likely to include a high proportion of older people. Sixty percent ofdeaths among this group occurred at home and 21% occurred on the way to evacuation sites. Those whosurvived relied mainly on information from evacuation warning systems(17.8%)and from neighbours(12.4%), relatives(12%)and care organizations(11.9%). Very few obtained information from television,radio, city workers, firefighters or police. Their safe evacuation was mainly facilitated by relatives(16%)followed by care organizations(12%).Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.Measures to improve survival rates of vulnerable groups also have an important impact on the safety of familymembers and carers, as this example demonstrates:“We had an evacuation drill a few weeks before the tsunami, and had learned that elders with dementia would bescared and would not like to move. We decided to lift the elders with dementia and run immediately when theearthquake occurred. We would have lost some elders at our day service if we were not prepared in that way.Effective evacuation for people with dementia is critical, otherwise young caregivers could also die.”(Long-termcare worker for older persons, Ofunato)Evacuation sitesSome of the designated evacuation sites were not located high enough to survive the unprecedented reach of thistsunami. For those who successfully reached evacuation sites, a lack of preparation created further immediatechallenges and risks. Five percent of respondents simply did not know what to bring with them from home.Many had left without important documents or daily medication for chronic conditions. A major concern formany older persons and their families was that clinical care and medicines were not available at evacuation sites.Cold weather on the evening of 11 th March, combined with power failure, left survivors struggling to combat thecold. While some reported using hot water bottles at evacuation sites, many spent the night in wet clothes andblankets.90人道研究ジャーナルVol. 3, 2014