ブックタイトル人道ジャーナル第3号

概要

人道ジャーナル第3号

The Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 3, 2014Figure 2: Challenges faced during the evacuation3］CONDITIONS AT EVACUATION SHELTERSThe extensive damage to essential infrastructure caused by the earthquake and tsunami displaced 470,000 peopleto evacuation shelters.（6）A total of 2,182 evacuation shelters in schools, libraries, community centers, or cityhalls provided immediate safety. However, due to the scale of the disaster, in some cases private houses, hotels,and nursing homes were also used. Immediately following the disaster survivors found it difficult to getinformation, contact relatives or to understand the scale of the disaster, and many older people were forced to livewithout their usual support networks.3.1 Addressing basic needsIn both MIyako and Ishinomaki, a third of older people（31%）reported their major challenge in evacuation centresto be the slow distribution of basic items such as water, food and clothing. Once goods were made available olderpeople reported further age-specific challenges accessing these distributions. For example, food was unfamiliarand hard to eat, water, provided in large bottles, was difficult to carry, and often clothes did not fit. Toilet andbathing facilities were not adapted or accessible for older people and were reported to be hard to use by 40% ofthose surveyed.One older woman reported,“The clothing did not fit, because they were made mainly for young people.”Another respondent observed:“Carrying water for older people can be a challenging task. They could only carrya few bottles of water. We should have thought about providing more assistance before they suffered.”（53-yearoldmale in Rikuzentakada）Informal conversation during the data collection also revealed difficulties faced by those who chose to stay intheir homes. Access to basic goods was more limited for them, as all distributions took place at evacuationcentres. Their living conditions were made difficult due to the prolonged absence of electricity or mains water.As one older person reported,人道研究ジャーナルVol. 3, 2014 91