ブックタイトルThe Journal of Humanitarian Studies

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The Journal of Humanitarian Studies

Journal of Humanitarian Studies Vol. 4, 2015Red Cross Nursing Education in Korea: 1920-2014Ogcheol Lee, BSN, MPH, PhD. 1The predecessor of Korean Red Cross College of Nursing is Red Cross Nurse Training Center, which wasbuilt under the Provisional Korean Government in Shanghai in 1920. During the Japanese occupationperiod, the center was succeeded by the Chosun branch of the Japanese Red Cross, but it became directlyaffiliated with the Korean Red Cross after independence. Red Cross College of Nursing, which willcelebrate its 100 th anniversary in 2020, produced 7,971 graduates as of February 2014. Including threeawardees of the Florence Nightingale Medal, graduates have played a leading role at domestic and abroadas vice-president, director of nursing department, professor, government officer, school supervisor andso on. On November 7 th , 2011, it was reborn as Red Cross College of Nursing of Chung-Ang University(CAU) through merger. CAU College of Nursing aims at the best and largest nursing college that runscourses of Bachelor, Master and PhD in Nursing.Nursing College of History1) Beginning of nursing education (1920-1945)(1) Foundation of the Red Cross and nursing service during the Korean Empire periodIn addition to the Gwangjewon, the first modern national hospital in Korea, Emperor Gojong realized thenecessity of another public hospital for ordinary people. According to the imperial order given on July 8 th ,1905, the Korean Red Cross Hospital was opened in Dae-dong, outside the Youngchumun (the West Gate).It is unknown that how the hospital hired the chief nurse and five nurses. In October 27 th , 1905, the KoreanRed Cross was founded to support the hospital. Although the organization act mentioned about nurses,there was no nurse training institution.(2) The Provisional Korean Government in Shanghai and nurse trainingAs Japan occupied Chosun, independent activists established the provincial Korean government inShanghai on April 13 th , 1919. On August 29 th of the same year, the Korean Red Cross was founded. As thenumber of its member exceeded 2,000, the Red Cross planned to systematize its medical activities. Forthis, it opened the Red Cross Nurse Training Center in Old French Concession of Shanghai on January31 st , 1920. The center also aimed at preparing for the war of independence. The curriculum was threemonth course, 18 hours per week. In the first year, three male and ten female students enrolled. All of themhad academic background equal to or higher than secondary education. The Center conducted clinicaltraining in Shanhai Red Cross Hospital and other hospitals in the city. Its students provided vaccination andtreatment to Koreans in Shanghai. However, due to the financial problem and shortage of teaching staff, itcould no longer produce graduates after the first year.(3) Nursing education during the Japanese occupation periodChosun branch of the Japanese Red Cross set the regulation on nurse training in April, 1917. Nursecandidates selected by the regulation received commissioned education at Viceroyalty Hospital of Chosunand Ja-hye Hospital in Daegu and Pyongyang. On June 30 th , 1917, dormitory for students was built inSeoul. In December 1926, the Japanese Red Cross Hospital was opened for the public in Seodaemun area,Seoul. The main purpose of the hospital was to provide (i) low-price treatment for the low income bracket,1Professor, Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University人道研究ジャーナルVol. 4, 201575