ブックタイトルRecommendations to prepare for future mega-disasters in Japan

概要

Recommendations to prepare for future mega-disasters in Japan

legal and administrative barriers in relation to imports and exports- Various rights (opening bank accounts, concluding leases, rental agreements and othercontracts, acquiring and disposing of property)- Securing of legal employment contracts and contract terminations of domestic workers- Legal responsibility for accidents and damage2. Rights Based ApproachThe Rights Based Aapproach (RBA) is defined as a framework for problem-solving, in whichproblems faced by a person are understood as situations where the person’s rights are not respectedor fulfilled. To resolve the problems, this approach aims to clarify who needs to play a role, andwhat kinds of roles need to be played. To overcome discriminations and to promote realisation ofuniversal rights, the RBA supports empowerment of the right holders as well as capacity building ofthe duty bears to fulfil their accountability. According to this approach, the aid providers andexternal factors involved in emergency relief need to provide direct and temporary assistance toaddress issues that require urgent interventions.‘Protection’is an internationally established approach built on RBA that is applied to humanitarianassistance and disaster relief during emergencies. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)defines protection as activities to fully respect all persons’rights in compliance with internationalhumanitarian, human rights, refugee laws, and regardless of age, gender, social, ethnic, nationality,religion and any other backgrounds of the persons concerned. According to the IASC definition,protection not only involves ensuring physical security but also respecting and fulfilling variousrights including right to live, freedom from torture and gender-based violence, freedom of movement,right to access humanitarian assistance including food, water, healthcare and education, and propertyright and right of residence. Accordingly, a wide range of activities implemented by internationalhumanitarian organisations to realize protection constitute the core of international humanitarianaction.A number of protection mandated agencies including UN humanitarian organisations, theInternational Red Cross Movemnet and others implement protection activities as part of their ownprogrammes in their specialised areas. Such activities include, for example, registration of refugeesand internally displaced persons (IDPs), countermeasures against human trafficking, support fortracing and reunifying separated family members, follow-up support for the victims of sexualviolence and abuse, training for those managing the IDP camps and the military, and protestingagainst serious violation of the law and human rights. Protection is also a common issuecross-cutting various support sectors. For instance, making right decisions on the locations of waterpoints and the methods of food distribution is essential for ensuring protection, as women could be44