ブックタイトルRecommendations to prepare for future mega-disasters in Japan

概要

Recommendations to prepare for future mega-disasters in Japan

subject to intimidation or violence in these contexts. In addition, every effort needs to be made topromote durable solutions for the affected populations beyond securing their protection on atemporary basis. In order to reduce people’s protection risks, efforts also need to be made to preventand stop human rights violations. If violations have already occurred, interventions are required interms of responsive actions to mitigate the immediate impacts; remedial actions to restore dignity ofthe victims; and to support environment-building by improving social, cultural, institutional andlegal conditions so that people’s rights are more respected.The roles played by external actors in the RBA can be categorised as follows:(i)strengthen the capacity of the local community to respect human rights, and support the rightholders claiming their rights;(ii) Strengthen mechanisms to protect human rights, and support the duty bearers in their efforts tofulfil their obligations;(iii) Provide direct and temporary assistance, depending on the circumstances, and(iv) Make efforts to eliminate discriminations and to promote everyone’s rights.In the Istanbul CSO Development Effectiveness Principles, RBA is highlighted as the first and mostimportant principle to be followed by the civil society organisations (CSOs). JANIC has published aguidebook elaborating the Istanbul Principles, and it promotes the dissemination of the principlesamong Japanese NGOs. The promotion of RBA as well as ensuring appropriate leaningopportunities related to it are being discussed at various forums between MOFA and NGOs as wellas between JICA and NGOs.3. GenderWomen’s empowerment must constitute a key component when promoting disaster preparedness inthe peacetime. However, such an idea shares only a small part of the general policy discourse inJapan. People started to draw sufficient attention to the relationship between disaster managementand gender started only after the GEJE. Nevertheless, the discussions geared towards revising localdisaster management plans still tend to be centred around how to pay attention to women’s needswhile they stay in evacuation centres.The Gender Equality Bureau of the Cabinet Office admitted that from a gender perspective, variousproblems emerged during the GEJE. The Government noted that women’s perspectives were oftenneglected in the disaster response and preparedness; little consideration was made on the needs ofwomen; and women’s involvement in the decision-making process was rather limited. In thefollow-up to these lessons learned, the Bureau developed and announced‘Guidelines for DisasterManagement and Recovery from a Gender Equality Perspective’on May 31, 2013.The Sphere Project provides a set of minimum standards which need to be met in emergency relief45